International Standardization and Information- Communication Industries

Most industries are trying to change their structures from vertical integration to horizontal specialization. This is because of the presence of international standardization that one specific product of company A can be compatible with other products of other companies. This method, I think, can broaden their market because when integrated with other products, the inferior product can be sold on the market. Still, there are some companies still vertically integrated especially automobile because all components have to be well fit in one set to ensure the low probability of danger, and it is also the whole responsibility of the firm if thing goes wrong. Other companies, in particular in Japan, still preserve the vertical integration structure because they want to keep Japanese practices " lifetime employment" and "seniority-based wages" to build employee skill and loyalty. Though human beings are equal, but they are different. Hence, different skills are applied to different people.

Besides, another term to think about horizontal integration. Horizontal specialization is focusing on only one product by improving its quality control (QC), and try to make its product standardized, while horizontal integration is trying to extent its products to some extent to meet users' satisfaction based on what have already done.

These are what I have learnt today :-)

My Master Student's Life at Waseda University

Ｍy real Master student’s life in Japan began. For this fall semester, I take seven subjects; I have to make strong efforts especially on subjects that are quite new to me such as Basic of Modern Finance Theory, Economics and Social Impact Analysis of Telecommunication. For other courses like Industry R&D Activity in Information and Communication Technologies, Internet, International Standardization and Info-Communication Industries, Ubiquitous Health and Welfare Information System, and Media Industrial Organization and Policy are okey, I guess. Let’s wait and see ..

I would also like to take a course “ CIO theory”; it is quite interesting; will consider it next semester then…..

Most are bilingual courses, English and Japanese, because students came from different directions for the world; some cannot understand Japanese, while some cannot understand English, therefore, two-pronged approach is worthy used in this situation.

Waseda’s 3 ceremonies in a row: GITS commencement, Waseda Entrance Ceremony, and GITS Entrance Ceremony.

Waseda University known as one of the best private universities in Japan has celebrated 3 ceremonies in a row. Sep 20th, 2008 was the Graduate School of Global Information and Telecommunication Studies Commencement on which three Cambodian Students: Mr. Sun Socheat, Ms. Run Kunthy, and Ms. Ouk Phavy have successfully completed their Master degree in the field of ICT. As Socheat and Phavy got JDS scholarship, it is time for them to return to Cambodia to utilize their knowledge and skills acquired in Japan to develop our mother country, while Kunthy, a Monbusho scholar, will pursue her ph.D degree in Japan.

Bong Bong, Congratulations!!! You have not tried for nothing! At last, you are qualified Master degree holders!

(from left to right: me, Phavy, Kunthy, Phanou, Socheat, Dara, Samphors, Channa)

On the following day Sep 21st, there was a Waseda Entrance Ceremony for all new Waseda's students. Deans of all Graduate Schools were introduced.. Look at their official dresses on this special day!

Sep 22nd, the last Entrance Ceremony specifically for GITS students hold at Honjo Campus where students studying Computer Network or Multi Media base at. For students who choose Info-Telecom, Socio-Economics, Network Bussiness and Policy area will stay in Tokyo because most subjects they are going to take are lectured in Nishi-Waseda campus.

However, no matter where students locate, they can still attend academic guidance via a distance learning system through which students at another campus can see, hear, and ask questions as if we are in the same classroom.

See! ICT makes our life easier, you don't have to waste time and money travelling back and forth :-)

(Honjo Campus)
(Nishi-Waseda Campus)

Preparatory Japanese Language Training

Following the long orientation was Japanese Training Course conducted at Waseda Hoshien. All Cambodian fellows in Tokyo took 初級 (elementary) course with some other students from Laos, Myanmar, The philippines, and Kyrgyzstan. For me, my course was from July 18^th to August 29^th, 2008 which is equal to 152 hours. I ‘d been studying every Monday to Friday, and five hours per day: 9:30am -12:00am, and 1:30pm – 4:00pm.

Japanese language is quite difficult to learn, but it is very important for surving in Japan espcially in Tokyo. Hence, the class was very busy due to overloaded homework everyday. However, the class was very interesting thanks to the professional skill and efforts of all sensei.せんせい、いろいろ　おせわに　なりました。どうも　ありがとう　ございました。

I was finally given a Japanese certificate:

Honestly, my Japanese is still poor, I still cannot full understand what Japanese people are saying. It’s pretty easier to ask question, but getting answer is a matter :-)

First JDS orientation

From the second day of entering Japan until July 17^th 2008, there was an 12 days long (no program for Sat and Sun) orientation prepared by JICE at TIC - Tokyo of International Center, for all JDS fellows who came to Narita airport, Tokyo.

The program of the orientation included:

Briefing and Orientation on Rules of Japanese Grant Aid for Human Resource Development Scholarship (JDS) Fellows and Information for Living in Japan.

Exchange view with senior JDS fellows on academic life and research methodologies as well as daily life.

Welcome Reception with the presence of officials from respective embassies, professors and staffs of respective universities, ministry of Foreign Affairs, and JICA.

Courtesy call to the Embassy

Opening bank account

Lecture “Policies and Administration of Japan” by Mr. Akira Nakamura, Pro. Graduate School, Meji University

Lecture “Outline of JICA’s Activities and Expectation for Participants” by Mr. Masaei Matsunaga, Deputy Director General for Training Affairs and Citizen Participation Dept. JICA

Move to Tachikawa-Bosaikan by bus; a center is designed in order to exercise how to prevent yourself from various emergency and natural disaster.

Workshop on “Cross Cultural Understanding” by Ms. Mariko Watanabe, Certified clinical psychologist of Tokyo International Center, JICA

Lecture “ The Japanese Experience through Economic Growth and Restructuring in Post War” by Mr. Ryokichi Hirono, Pro. Emeritus, Seikei University.

Lecture “ Japanese Society and Culture” by Mr. Kenichi Namai, Pro. Waseda University

Culture program/ Inspection of Tokyo:

Tokyo Stock Exchange

Asakusa

Tokyo Metropolitan Government.

Imperial Palace

Alien registration at the Shinjuku Ward Office

On July 10^th 2008, some students from Laos, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Kyrgyz moved to branch office IUJ – Internation Universtiy of Japan, and on July 14^th 2008, some moved to branch office Toyohashi University of Technology, Nagoya University, and tsukuba University.

Handouts and CDs were also provided for reference :-)

First Impression of Japan

The JL704 took me to Japan at 7:30 am on July 1th 2008 along with my commitment to take advantages from Japan both academic life and daily life. When I first got into Tokyo, I had the impression that Japan is in an apple-pie order; despite the high population density (5796 /km²), Tokyo has overcomed the traffic jam thanks to the well-organized transportation system including train, subway, shinkansen, taxi, etc...which are linked from one place to other places. However, such a modern system is confusing such a countryside girl like me because most of the signs are in Kanji characters and most of Japanese people don't speak English. Luckily, police working at the station are very helpful, though they can speak only a few English words for telling direction such as "left", "right", "straight", we finally always reach our destination.

Most JDS students from the ten countries were arranged to stay in one of the most famous hotel chains in Japan, Shinjuku Washington Hotel, surrounded by major commerial and administrative center as well as department stores, specialist electronic and camera shops, cinemas, restaurants and bars. Tokyo is one of the very costly cities in the world where everything is expensive, so most of the time I spend, I like to convert and compare to the price in my country, Cambodia. Having been in Tokyo for amost 3 months, I am now graduatlly accustomed to this such a high cost of living. There are also 100 yen shops available where most goods like snack, drink, vegetable, meat, fruit, stationery,.. cost 100yen or so.

Let me briefly describe about Japanese people in Tokyo. They seem to be so busy with their work. Giving value to the time, every morning the crowd in neat suit hurriedly walk back and forth believing that time and tide wait for no man. I do uphold this spirit of being punctual. Moreover, they are polite behaving in a way that shows awaressness of and caring for other's people feeling; they respect each other, in general.

According to JICA's documentation, the average household income is US$70,000 a year. Every family has its own colour TV and microwave. Most Japanese consider themselves middle class. The gap between rich and poor is small. Still, there are street people sleeping in a paper box under bridges.

Though there were news about suicides and murders, Japan is still one of the world's safest countries. I feel secure to live and learn in japan.

Pre-departure English Training Course

Before coming to Japan, all 25 successful JDS fellows were required to attend the Pre-departure English Training Course conducted at IFL- Institute of Foreign Languages from Feb 4th to Jun 14th 2008 while students from some other countries like the Philippines, Viet Nam, Mongolia, etc..got Pre-departure Japanese Training Course in their respective countries. It was an intensive course requiring all students to work hard not only on English proficiency but also on academic study. The first part of the course mainly focused on TOEFL skills: listening, grammar, and reading. The second part added research methodology, debate, and presentation skill.

JDS - Japanese Grant Aid for Human Resource Developement Scholarship

1. ITP exam
After submiting your complete application form, you are required to take an English exam, ITP test (paper based TOEFL style).(Min score: 500)


2. Application screening
When passed the 1st stage, your form will be sent to the relevent university (Waseda in my case). Professors, Operating Commitee, relevent Cambodian Govt Ministry will screen your application and decide if it is doable, and useful for the development of Cambodia.

Research plan is very important in this stage, you must read a lot and decide with aspect you wanna focus on.

3. Techinical interview
It is conducted by professor from your selected university. (one to one)
You must be clear and know everything you wrote in your form. You should read your research again and again, and anticipate what qustions can be raised during the interview. The questions are varied from one to others depended on your research plan. For example, can you tell me briefly about your research plan? Why are you interested in this topic? How can your research result help the economic development of Cambodia?



4. Comprehensive interview
This is the last stage. You should be confident enough :-)
The interviewers might come from different ministries: Ministry of Education Youth and Sport, Japanese Embassy, and so on. They test your general knowledge, or can be more on your research topic. For instance, After returning back from Japan, where are you going to work for and why?

My Research Plan

Research Title

Policy on Standards, Software and Content

Using Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) in developing Country, Cambodia.

Objective

To find the right software for rapid human resource developments, socio-economic development,
and poverty alleviation in Cambodia.

Background

During the last decade, Cambodia has been gradually developed in almost every field including governance,tourism, education, and economy. Meanwhile, ICT is a need in government, private sector, and educational institutions. Without ICT, work cannot be effective and efficient. By seeing its advantages, people have tried to include ICT in their study fields or work. Most pre-installed software and programs used in academic curricula are proprietary software. It is unbelievable that those software with license costs are freely used through out a less developed country like Cambodia, except some large corporations and organizations.

This negative impact is caused by widespread software piracy in this country. The price is approximately $2 per CD, and at the moment, those CDs can be illegally copied and shared among others. Therefore, we should thoroughly consider the future consequences when the situation becomes worser while proprietary software companies start to threaten by forcing their users to pay for software license fee (The day will come soon because Cambodia has been a member of WTO since 2004). By then, these purchases consume currency which could be better spent on other development goals. Still, it calls into question that can Cambodian people afford such a high price?

Actually, not only does the problem with license fee heavily affect Cambodia's economy, but close source and language also retard the progress of rapid human resource development. Hence, the e-government project which is going to become a digital citizen service and to help corruption and poverty alleviation will also have never been accomplished due to language barrier of governmental officials and people living in remote and rural areas.

Therefore, to achieve the socio-economic development, human resources development and poverty alleviation goal, the Royal Government of Cambodia has set out an draft ICT policy stated to choose a two pronged approach1 (Proprietary Software and Open Source Software as an alternative) for its software adaptation.

I will give a case study regarding Open Source software application in Cambodia.

Case Study
Open Institute, Cambodia – KhmerOS Project2 - Introducing Localized ICT.

KhmerOS envisions Cambodia a country where people can learn and use computers in their own language. Databases and applications will be developed directly in Khmer. And there must be widespread use of very low cost software, well adapted to Cambodia's economy, business climate, and people.

Since 2004, this project has created a number of useful software such as Khmer Unicode fonts, keyboard, and a number of localized Open Source Software (OSS) plus training materials for trainers and end users. A Master Plan for the Implantation of Open Source in Cambodia was also been devised in 2005. After three years of hard work, this cooperation project between the government and Open Institute has raised the awareness of OSS to governmental IT support staff, hardware vendors, organizations and some universities in Cambodia.

However, evidence proved that there is still a limitation of using OSS. As mentioned, OSS is not widely used in academic programs and also pre-installed software is proprietary software. Most organizations and companies that require computer-based jobs haven't even heard about OSS. Additionally, they even have no idea about intellectual property rights and total cost of ownership issues which could bring tremendous consequences.

Other obstacle for migrating to OSS is that people feel fear of using the new software, because they don't know what it is, how to use it, and if it is secure.

The inadequateness encourage me to conduct this research and the result of my research will address the following prominent highlighted problems:
• What are the consequences for a country which is plagued by software piracy?
• The Royal Government of Cambodia chose a two-pronged approach for software adaptation, so which one should be taught in educational institutions? why?
• Will OSS be a better alternative software for rapid human resource and socio-economic development? If so, what opportunities and added values will OSS offer to computer users? what are the obstacles to promote FOSS in business models?

Research Methodologies

To be effective, I have defined clear research methodologies. At the first step, I will research for the understanding of OSS perspectives for development including the global perspective on Open Source Software use, some case studies in developing countries, the current dynamics of Open Source Software, and so forth from collected documents. Secondly, the thorough assessment of the present use of ICT will be made. The quantitative survey on the awareness of ICT importance on OSS understanding will be done among computer users in Cambodia. Thirdly, I will try to evaluate the standard living and GDP of Cambodian people by cooperating with the Ministry of Finance to get the accurate data to forecast on how many people can afford
such a high price of proprietary software license fee and how much can be saved from using OSS.

Finally, the critical analysis will have to be done under the Japanese professors' advice.
Beneficiaries Based on my clear methodologies with the input of Japanese professors, I do believe that this crucial research will be implemented successfully. As a result, the best strategy for Cambodia to develop ICT and the effective role of government in ICT development will be approved. All in all, Cambodia will have a clear direction in the usage of Information and Communication Technology in education. This will enhance its quality and prepare its
citizen to play an active role in the knowledge-based society; they must not have the technical skills, but a global view that will allow them to use ICT to work, communicate and further develop their personal and professional skills. Besides education sustainability, the outcome will enable Cambodia to be regarded as a country where Intellectual Property Right (IPR) is protected.